Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. A young Ogiek woman stands at the entrance of one of the last remaining patches of intact indigenous forest. She and her community can now access it only sporadically, under the constant supervision of a Kenya Forest Service ranger.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman pours milk for her grandchildren inside the house temporarily assigned to her on the edge of the forest. The availability and quality of this essential resource are steadily declining.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. A road cuts through the Mau Forest, revealing an ecological fracture. On the left, rows of exotic plantations; on the right, what remains of the indigenous forest.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. The face of an Ogiek man bears the marks of repeated intercommunity conflicts, triggered by the forced relocation of other populations into Ogiek territories.
Ndoinet, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek family, long integrated into the tea economy, finishes harvesting after a long day in the fields.
"We return to our ancestral lands only rarely. The house I live in is not mine, and among my crops I grow trees that do not belong to this land."
"The Ndoinet forest is one of the most important for the Ogiek people. It is essential that we and our animals can live freely in these spaces, instead of facing constant boundary restrictions imposed without any notice."
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. A husband and wife stand at the center of what remains of their home — only its perimeter is left. In 2020, the Kenya Forest Service demolished it to evict them and make way for an environmental conservation project.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. Accompanied by a Kenya Forest Service officer, an Ogiek woman returns to the gestation cave where her mother and grandmother were born.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman allows a lamb to feed from its mother before milking her for the family. Milk is increasingly scarce, and its quality is deteriorating.
Ndoinet, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. The landscape opens onto a boundary shaped by intensive tea cultivation. Commercial plantations draw a sharp line between forest areas and lands inhabited by local communities.
Ndoinet, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. A woman cooks while holding her granddaughter in her arms. They escaped by only a few meters from the latest arbitrary redefinition of habitable boundaries.
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. At sunset, an Ogiek child fills jerrycans at the only water source still accessible to his family. For these communities, water scarcity has become the new normal.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. After completing the centuries-old practice of honey harvesting in the heart of the indigenous forest, an Ogiek man extracts part of the harvest from a traditional bag.
"My children and I live from grazing and small crops. We take care of these exotic trees every day, but we receive nothing from their sale."
"What happens in our nursery is systemic exploitation. We manage everything, but we earn at most 7–8 shillings per seedling."
Ndoinet, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman stands within the forest, which holds the highest concentration of sacred sites in the region.
Narok County, Kenya, 2025. A Maasai man shows one of the few forms of livestock keeping still possible today: animals kept in enclosed and controlled spaces.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. At sunset, a truck loaded with timber leaves the forest towards Molo.
Narok County, Kenya, 2025. Maasai workers are engaged in one of the few plots reserved for subsistence vegetable farming. The rest of the land is occupied by exotic fruit plantations imposed by the TIST program.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. The only cypress tree left standing after logging rises at the center of land temporarily allocated by the government to an Ogiek family.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. A family gathers around the house temporarily allocated to them by the government. Without land rights or ownership, their future remains uncertain.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek man performs the ancient ritual associated with honey harvesting in the forest.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. A centuries-old melliferous tree rises in the heart of the Mau Forest. Its presence is threatened by the transformation of the forest ecosystem.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek child holds her younger sister in front of the hut where they live. Under the PELIS program, without land rights and at risk of eviction, their future remains uncertain.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman warms milk for her children in her kitchen, at the edge of the forest.
"The international tea market has always been protected by the government. But it indirectly contributes to the eviction of the Ogiek. It is as if, for a few shillings, we are forced every day to sustain our own marginalization."
"They promised us payments and a better future, but we receive only a few shillings and no real support."
Ndoinet, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An ox belonging to an indigenous breed, now increasingly rare, grazes beyond the boundary imposed on the community within the forest.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman stands inside the house where she has lived for several years under the controversial PELIS government program.
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek family sits outside their home, rebuilt just two weeks before this photograph was taken. In 2020, their house was burned, leaving them without shelter.
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. A group of Ogiek children play in front of a large lagoon. Once abundant with water, it has now nearly dried up due to climate change and exotic tree plantations.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek man shows a medicinal substance still used by the community. The decline of melliferous trees is progressively compromising these ancient natural remedies.
Ndoinet, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman stands beneath the waterfall descending from the sacred cave of Ndoinet, a central site in the community's spirituality.
Narok County, Kenya, 2025. A domestic scene from a Maasai family deeply rooted in tradition. The difficult transition from pastoralism to agriculture results in increasing isolation.
Ndoinet, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. In the morning, a group of Ogiek farmers prepares the first sowing of the season, delayed compared to previous years.
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman sells bananas to a young Kikuyu girl at the Mariashoni market, recently affected by arbitrary boundary redefinitions.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. A dry cypress tree rises at the center of an abandoned plot. The family who lived there has already been evicted.
Narok County, Kenya, 2025. A group of Maasai workers involved in the TIST agricultural project. Carbon credits generated from biomass do not provide any direct benefit to local communities.
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman, evicted in 2020 together with her husband and newborn daughter, has found temporary shelter but continues to live under the threat of further displacement.
"In 2020, they arrived without warning. They burned our homes. Some people died on the road. No one told us where to go."
"The decline of the honey trees has damaged not only our stability, but also our identity. Collecting honey is part of who we are."
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. At sunset, two Ogiek children play in the only remaining water source. Exotic plantations consume up to four times more water than native species.
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. Two Ogiek children play near the last water source. Exotic plantations, which consume up to four times more water than native species, intensify water scarcity already exacerbated by climate change.
Koibatek, Kenya, 2025. A group of Maasai and Ogiek workers pose in a community nursery. Indigenous melliferous trees have progressively been replaced by exotic species.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. An Ogiek woman, living in a house temporarily allocated under the PELIS program, takes care of the space as if it were her own.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. Aerial view of the last remaining tract of intact indigenous forest. This area is also experiencing progressive loss of native forest cover and increasing fragmentation.
Kiptunga, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. Two Ogiek brothers wait for their daily meal inside their kitchen, at the edge of the forest.
Mariashoni, Mau Forest, Kenya, 2025. At the edge of one of the areas most affected by the 2020 evictions, a donkey escapes from its enclosure and moves freely through the landscape, a silent presence within the territory.